Purification of water by natural plants and wetlands pdf

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• Constructed wetlands for water treatment
• How Do Wetlands Purify Water?
• Wetlands and water quality

One of the most important benefits that wetlands provide is their capacity to maintain and improve water quality.

Constructed wetlands for water treatment

Three common Appalachian plant species Juncus effusus L. Inflow rates 19 L day -1 and frequency 3 times day -1 were designed to simulate full-scale constructed wetlands as currently used for domestic wastewater treatmentin West Virginia. Influent wastewater and the effluent from each wetland were sampled monthly for ten physical, chemical and biological parameters, and plant demographic measurements were made. Depth of gravel 45 or 60 cm had little effect on wetland treatment ability, but did influence Typha and Scirpus growth patterns. Gravel alone provided significant wastewater treatment, but vegetation further improved many treatment efficiencies.

How Do Wetlands Purify Water?

Developing countries are failing to use nature-based solutions to solve wastewater crises, leaving contaminated water to pollute environments, drinking water sources and urban areas. Untreated wastewater is particularly hazardous in mountain areas, where it rapidly can connect between surface water bodies and underground water that moves over large distances, say researchers in Lebanon , a country on the eastern Mediterranean coast where 92 percent of wastewater is discharged without treatment. While constructed wetlands have been used to treat wastewater across Europe and the United States since the s, their use remains limited in the global South. In Denmark, there is one constructed wetland for every 5, people, but just one for every 1. Constructed wetlands use natural mechanisms to separate contaminants from households, industry, agriculture and livestock, as well as the liquid that drains to the bottom of landfills and can contaminate groundwater. Effluent is discharged into reservoirs before natural filters, such as gravel or clay, and aquatic plants and microorganisms purify the water. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland diagram.

Wetlands and water quality

Pictures of wetlands sometimes depict boggy, grassy areas lacking life and diversity. The truth is that wetlands are full of diverse life and play an important role in our ecosystems. They offer habitat for plants, insects, migrating birds, large mammals such as moose, smaller mammals such as beavers or minks, reptiles and amphibians. Depending on where you are from, you may have heard of wetlands called bogs, marshes, swamps or fens. Why should we protect wetlands?